Fig. 5

B and T cell responses occurred 21 days after boost immunization. A–D Vaccines-induced DCs maturation in vivo. A, C Representative pseudocolor dots in different groups. B The percentages of CD11c⁺, MHCII⁺, and (D), CD11c⁺, CD80⁺ were measured using FCM. E, F Splenic Tfh cells(CD4⁺ CXCR5⁺ PD-1⁺) representative FCM pseudocolor dots (E) and statistic percentages in the CD4 T population (F). G, H Splenic germinal center (GCs) B cells (GL7⁺ CD95⁺ B220⁺) representative FCM pseudocolor dots (G) and statistic percentages in the B220 B population (H). I, J Relative expression levels of IRF4 (I) and IRF8 (J) related to DC regulation. K, L Relative expression levels of Bc16 (K) and Blimp 1 (L) related to Tfh transcriptional regulators. M The relative expression level of AID associated with GCs B cells activation. Bars are presented as mean ± SEM of triplicate assays, where n = 3 mice in each group. Individual values are indicated by colored symbols. Statistical significance was conducted using one-way ANOVA analysis followed by multiple comparisons post hoc tests, and P values shown in bar charts. ***p-value < 0.001, **p-value < 0.01, *p-value < 0.05, ^nsp-value > 0.05. N, O The formation of GCs was observed by H&E staining (N, Bar represents 50 μm) and B220 immunofluorescence staining (O, Bar represents 100 μm) in inguinal lymph nodes harvested from immunized mice