Fig. 6

Long-term immunity induced by double-layered N-S1 PNp vaccination. A, B Robust the central memory of CD3 T cells in spleens. A Representative pseudocolor dots in different groups. B The percentages of CD62L⁺ were measured using FCM. Bars are presented as mean ± SEM of triplicate assays, where n = 3 mice in each group. Colored symbols indicate individual values, while statistical significance was conducted through one-way ANOVA analysis followed by multiple comparisons post hoc tests. The corresponding P values display in bar charts. ***p-value < 0.001, **p-value < 0.01, *p-value < 0.05, ^nsp-value > 0.05. C Serum S1-specific antibody response was continuously detected weekly by ELISA