Fig. 11

Exosomes carry therapeutic agents through biological barriers to exert therapeutic effects. A Schematic diagram of the mechanism of exosomes penetrating the blood–brain barrier. Reproduced with permission. [197] Copyright 2021, Ivyspring International Publisher. B FUS-BBB opening facilitates exosome delivery to the brain. (i) Schematic diagram of the experimental procedure. (ii) Aβ immunostaining images of 10-month-old APP/PS1 mice (scale bar = 100 μm) and percentage area of quantitative positive amyloid β staining. (iii) Thioflavin-S staining (scale scale = 100 μm) and quantification of Aβ plaques in brain. (iv) HE staining of vital organs in mice (scale bar = 100 μm). Reproduced with permission. [198] Copyright 2021, Elsevier B.V