Fig. 5
The main strategy for cargo loading into exosomes. A Loading methods are mainly divided into presecretory loading (left, intracellular loading) and postsecretory loading (right, extracellular loading). Reproduced with permission. [58] Copyright 2022, Elsevier Ltd. B Therapeutic agents such as proteins, small-molecule drugs and RNA species can be loaded onto the surface or inside of exosomes before or after secretion, or donor cells can be engineered to express molecules of interest and then secrete exosomes loaded with such molecules. Reproduced with permission. [10] Copyright 2019, Association for the Advancement of Science