Fig. 6

Strategies for surface functionalization of exosomes. A Exosome-producing cells are genetically modified to secrete exosomes expressing targeted proteins for therapeutic or targeted effects. Reproduced with permission. [115] Copyright 2021, Springer Nature. B Flow chart of c(RGDyK) and Cy5.5 coupled to the surface of exosomes. Reproduced with permission. [120] Copyright 2017, Elsevier Ltd. C Hybrid exosomes were obtained by co-extrusion of exosomes isolated from J774A.1 and liposomes. Reproduced with permission. [129] Copyright 2019, Elsevier Ltd.