Fig. 3

Macrophage phenotypic switching in vitro. A, B Immunofluorescent images of macrophages on different scaffolds: green (F4/80, a monoclonal antibody specifically directing against the mouse macrophage), red (M1 marker: CD86 or iNOS and M2 marker: CD206 and Arg-1). C, D The protein expressions and quantification results of macrophage-related markers. E Flow cytometry results of CD86 and CD206 expression of macrophages. F, G The quantification results of flow cytometry. H–K The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory genes (IL-4 and IL-10). L–O ELISA results of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10. n = 3. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001