Fig. 2

The use of polymeric nanoparticles for the delivery of bi-adjuvants and neoantigens for cancer immunotherapy. A A pH-responsive ionizable polymer, PEG(-g-PDMA)-b-PDPA or S40, was loaded with two immunostimulant adjuvants, R848 and CpG, together with cancer neoantigen peptides. B Study design for MC38 cancer immunotherapy. C The growth curves of MC38 tumors. D The mouse body weights after treatment in MC38-bearing C57BL/6 mice. E The immunocytochemistry of CD8 ⁺ T cells in the spleen (lower) and tumor (upper) was measured by intracellular staining of IFN-γ and TNF-α on day 21. F Ratio of tumor infiltrating CD8 ⁺ /CD4 ⁺ T cells on day 21 in mice treated as described above. G The percentage of CD45 ⁺ CD11c ⁺ DCs in intratumorally tumors on day 21. H The percentage of CD45 ⁺ CD11b ⁺ F4/80 ⁺ macrophages (Mφ) and CD206 ⁺ Mφ in tumor on day 21. I Secretion of IL-6 and IL-12p40 by mouse splenocytes after incubation in 96-well plates for 12 h. Adapted with permission from ref [172]. Copyright (2023) Bioactive materials. PD-1, programmed death protein 1; CRA-NPs, CpG/R848/Adpgk-codeliverying nanoparticles; IL, interleukin