Fig. 6

Co-delivery of Toll-like receptor 9 agonist and protein antigen by extra-large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhancing cancer vaccine efficacy. A This schematic illustration illustrates how extra-large mesoporous silica NPs are used to induce antigen specific CTLs. B and C TEM and SEM images of silica NPs. D A CD11c⁺CD86⁺ BMDC activation. E Flow cytometry analysis of BMDCs presenting antigenic SIINFEKL peptides on their MHC molecules. F Measurement of BMDCs' secreted TNF-α and IL-12 by ELISA. G The growth of the tumor after tumor injection till day 21. H 15 days after an inoculation of OVA-KO cells with 1 × 10⁶ of XL-MSNs coloaded with CpG and OVA, tumor-free mice were rechallenged with 1 × 10⁶ of B16-OVA cells. I and J The number of CD4 and CD8 memory T cells in the spleens of vaccinated mice was measured by flow cytometry. Adapted with permission from ref [266]. Copyright (2018) ACS Central Science. CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes; TEM, transmission electron microscopes; SEM, scanning electron microscope; BMDC, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunoassay; XL-MSNs, extra-large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles; OVA, ovalbumin; IL, interleukin