Fig. 8
From: The quest for nanoparticle-powered vaccines in cancer immunotherapy
The Hepatitis B Core (HBc) VLPs in combination with photodynamic therapy to prime anticancer immunity. A TEM images of HBc VLPs. B Particle size histogram for the viral core. C HBc VLP size average (z-ave) and zeta potential. D Experimental design of the MC-38 tumor model. E After treatment, the average size of MC-38 tumors in mice. F A plot of Kaplan–Meier survival curves shows survival times for subgroups. Following the second vaccination, spleens were collected and processed, followed by flow cytometry analysis to analyze immune cell populations in mice from different subgroups. (G, H and I) CD45.2+, CD4+, CD8+ T cell population. Adapted with permission from ref [314]. Copyright (2022) Cancers. HBc VLPs, Hepatitis B Core Virus-like Particles; PDT, Photodynamic therapy; Vaccine, meta-tetrahydroxy-phenylchlorin (mTHPC, trade name FOSCAN)-based PDT; COMB, PDT in combination with HBc VLPs