Fig. 1

Identification and characterisation of GDNPs. Bands formed after sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation (A). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of GDNPs (B). Size distribution (C) and surface zeta potential (F) of GDNPs particles, measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. Changes in size distribution under the action of digestive solutions: gastric juice (D) and intestinal juice (E). Change in surface zeta potential under the action of gastric juice (G) and intestinal juice (H). Content expressed in percentages of the different lipid subclasses present in GDNPs particles (I). Distribution of lipid class in GDNPs and the number of lipid species in each class (horizontal axis indicates the various lipid class, while the vertical axis indicates the number of lipid species in each subclass) (J)