Fig. 5

Detection of exosomes based on a signal amplification strategy assisted by PDA coating. Additional CV electrochemical deposition helps the true signal of PDA coating appear: (a) EIS, (b) DPV. (c) Continuous CV promotes the electrochemical deposition of PDA. d Typical impedance intensity curves in the presence of varying exosome levels. e Calibration curve of EIS. f Detection by DPV. g Calibration curve of DPV. Data represent mean ± SD, n = 3, three technical replicates. Two-tailed Student’s t tests were used for comparisons, *P < 0.05