Table 2 Comparison with conventional molecular biology techniques
Method | Detected objects | Mechanism | Advantages | Limitations | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ELISA | Proteins | Target exosome is adsorbed on the solid phase surface and recognized by enzyme-coupled antibodies | High reproducibility; reliability | Nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules | [61] |
FCM | Proteins | Exosomes flow through a laser beam, where the light scattered is characteristic to the Exosomes | High-throughput, well established method | Relatively high cost for instrument | [62] |
MS | Proteins | Separating the components of EVs by their mass and electrical charge | High-throughput and sensitivity | Relatively high cost for instrument; requires high purity of EVs | [63] |
PDA-assisted Apt-TDNA microelectrode sensor | Proteins | Exosome capture and electron transfer between electroactive molecules and microelectrode surface | easy operation; fast analysis; low cost; high sensitivity | Specificity needs to be improved | This work |