Table 1 Representative examples of 2D NMs loaded with various chemo-therapeutic drugs

Doxorubicin

NGO

π-π stacking; hydrophobic interactions

400

[114]

rGO/dopa-MAL

π-π stacking

17

[115]

PEG-BPEI-rGO

π-π stacking; hydrophobic interactions

100

[116]

GO

π-π stacking; hydrophobic interaction

49

[117]

GO

π-π stacking; hydrogen-bonding

33

[113]

GO

π-π stacking; hydrophobic interaction

213

[118]

P-LDH

Electrostatic interaction

734

[111]

BP

Electrostatic interaction

950

[110]

BP

hydrophobic interaction

187

[119]

Antimonene-PEG

π-π stacking; hydrophobic interactions

150

[120]

InSe-PEG

hydrophobic interactions

93.6

[121]

POVK-MoS₂

Acid-cleavable Schiff base linker

6.1

[62]

MoS₂-PEI-HA

Electrostatic interaction

33.6

[59]

Ti₃C₂

Electrostatic interaction

84.2

[34]

TaS₂-PEG

Electrostatic interaction; π-π stacking; hydrophobic interactions

177

[122]

Zirconium boride

borate esterfication

121

[123]

Boron nanosheet

π-π stacking; hydrophobic interactions

114

[124]

Silicene-BSA

π-π stacking; hydrophobic interactions

137

[125]

Germanene-based nanosheet

hydrophobic interactions; electrostatic adsorption

112.5

[126]

Lanthanum oxyiodide

π-π stacking

300

[127]

Camptotehecin-based

NGO-PEG

Van der Waals

10

[28]

MoS₂-PEG

π-π stacking; hydrophobic interactions

118

[58]

NGO

π-π stacking; hydrophobic interactions

4.5

[114]

Docetaxel

GO

π-π stacking; hydrogen-bonding

37

[112]

GO-PEG

π-π stacking; hydrophobic interactions

11.2

[128]

Platinum-based

BP

coordination interaction between Pt and P

77

[129]

5-fluorouracil

Silicon nanosheet

Electrostatic interaction

30.03

[130]

LDH

Electrostatic interaction

22.6

[131]

AQ4N

Iron-based nanosheet

π-π stacking; electrostatic interaction

14.44

[132]

FX11

WS₂

Van der Waals; hydrogen bonding interaction

21.9

[133]