Fig. 1

Characteristic of the 3D-printed scaffolds. A Schematic illustration of the manufacturing process of the xonotlite nanofiber bioactive 3D-printed hydrogel scaffold. B Macroscopic photographs, SEM images, element mapping and EDS of four scaffolds. C FTIR spectra, D XRD (black diamond marks the specific peaks of CS), E swelling ratio, F water absorption, G porosity, H stress–strain curve, I compressive modulus and J degradation ratio of SG, SGC_L, SGC_M and SGC_H samples. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 or.^***P < 0.001