Fig. 4

EMF-USPIO-sEVs promoted M2 macrophage polarization. (A) EMF-USPIO-sEVs downregulated the proportion of CD206 + macrophages. (B) EMF-USPIO-sEVs upregulated the proportion of CD86 + macrophages. C-D: Immunofluorescence images of CD86 (C) and CD206 (D) following various treatments (PBS, IL-1, NC-sEVs, USPIO-sEVs, EMF-sEVs, and EMF-USPIO-sEVs). CD86 was stained with Cy3, exhibiting a red fluorescence; CD206 was stained with FITC, producing a green fluorescence; and nuclei were stained with DAPI, resulting in a blue fluorescence