Fig. 1

Preparation and regulatory mechanism of LFNPs/siTOX complexes. A Preparation of LFNPs/siTOX complexes through a microfluidic device. FEGCG, 6F-LA, and 6F-PEG were first synthesized and reacted to construct LFNPs via fluorine interaction. LFNPs/siTOX complexes were next formed with siTOX via hydrogen-bond interaction. B Transition from “cold” to “hot” tumors depends on the synergetic regulation of tumor cells and exhausted T cells by LFNPs/siTOX complexes. LFNPs can inhibit PD-L1 expression to block the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction. siTOX can decrease TOX expression to mitigate T cells exhaustion. Their combination can increase the infiltration of CD8 + T cells to fight “cold” tumors