Fig. 1

Construction and characterization of VNP-shCCDC25. A Schematic diagram of pRNA U6.1- shCCDC25. B The expression of CCDC25 in B16F10 cells after transfection with pRNA U6.1-shCCDC25 was analyzed via qPCR. C Bacteria growth curves of VNP-NC and VNP-shCCDC25 (n = 6). D Colonial morphology of VNP-NC and VNP-shCCDC25. E Scanning electron microscopes (SEM) of VNP-NC and VNP-shCCDC25. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. **** p < 0.0001, *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, ns: no significance