Fig. 4

The hADSC-Exo treatment demonstrates the ability to modulate the expression of genes associated with neurogenesis and brain inflammation in BTBR mice. a Mouse brain localization injection of hADSC-Exos. PKH26-labeled hADSC-Exos co-localized with Tuj1 + neurons. b PKH26-labelled hADSC-Exos was localized and injected, and tissues were collected from day 1 to day 7 for immunofluorescence staining. c–f qRT-PCR. c ASD marker gene expression examined by qRT-PCR. d Neuron genes expression confirmed by qRT-PCR. e Astrocyte and microglia activation genes expression detected by qRT-PCR. f Inflammatory genes expression analyzed by qRT-PCR. All data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison test. Statistical differences were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison test. Bars represent mean and error bars S.E.M. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001