Fig. 3

In vitro macrophage activation. (A) Schematic illustration of macrophage activation. (B-C) FCM analysis of activated RAW 264.7 cells following incubation with different groups for 12 h (n = 3). The level of IL-6 (D), IL-12 (E), TNF-α (F) and IFN-γ (G) secreted by activated RAW 264.7 cells. Cells were treated as described in (B) (n = 3). Data expressed as means ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001