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Fig. 5 | Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Fig. 5

From: Inhalable hybrid nanovaccines with virus-biomimetic structure boost protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants

Fig. 5

NVRBD-MLipo elicited systemic immune response. (A) FCM analysis of CD19+ IgD+ B cells proportion in spleen on day 18 (n = 5). RBD-specific IgG titers in serum assessed by ELISA on days 18 (B), 28 (C) and 42 (D) (n = 4). (E) Ratio of IgG2c to IgG1 in the serum (n = 5). (F) Proliferation percentage of splenocytes stimulated with RBD on day 18 (n = 3). (G-H) Representative images and statistical analysis of IFN-γ-producing cells determined by ELISpot (n = 3). The cells were collected from the spleen and stimulated with RBD on day 18. (I) The secretion level of IFN-γ in the medium of cells stimulated with RBD as described in (G). FCM analysis of CD4+ CD3+ (J) and IFN-γ+ CD8+ (K) T cells proportion in spleen on day 18 (n = 5). Data expressed as means ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001

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