From: Non-stem cell-derived exosomes: a novel therapeutics for neurotrauma
Study | Source of Exosomes | Animal | Trauma Model | Administration | Exosomes modification | Proposed mechanism | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Xu, et al. | Neuron | Mouse | SCI | IV(Intravenous injection) | - | Reverse the activation of microglia and astrocytes and promote the maturation of OPCs | [45] |
Jiang D, et al. | Neuron | Mouse | SCI | IV | miR-124-3p | Suppressing the activation of neurotoxic microglia and astrocytes | [46] |
Zhang, et al. | Astrocyte | Mouse | TBI | IV | - | Suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis | [55] |
Lu, et al. | Astrocyte | Rat | SCI | IV | - | Alleviating fibrosis | [56] |
Wang, et al. | Astrocyte | Mouse | TBI | IV | Bcl-2 and Bax shRNA plasmids | Reducing apoptosis | [57] |
Feng, et al. | Astrocyte | Rat | TBI | IV | GJA1-20k | Promoting mitochondrial autophagy and ameliorate apoptosis | [58] |
Chen, et al. | Astrocyte | Mouse | TBI | IV | GJA1-20k | Downregulating the apoptosis rate and upregulated mitochondrial function | [58] |
Pan, et al. | Schwann cell | Mouse | SCI | IV | - | Inhibiting CSPGS deposition | [64] |
Pan, et al. | Schwann cell | Rat | SCI | IV | - | increase autophagy and decrease apoptosis | [65] |
Ren, et al. | Schwann cell | Rat | SCI | IV | MFG-E8 | Attenuating inflammation | [66] |
Huang, et al. | Schwann cell | Rat | SCI | IV | - | Promoting angiogenesis | [67] |
Li, et al. | cerebrospinal fluid | Mouse | SCI | LI (Local Injection) | - | Promote vascular regeneration | [70] |
Ibrahim, et al. | Subventricular zone | Rat | SCI | IV | - | Attenuating inflammation | [72] |
Ijaz, et al. | Subventricular zone | Rat | SCI | IV | - | Attenuating inflammation | [73] |
Tu, et al. | Olfactory ensheathing cells | Vitro | - | - | - | Enhance the viability of neural progenitor cells | [77] |
Fan, et al. | Olfactory ensheathing cells | Rat | Â SCI | LI | - | Switching the phenotype of macrophages/microglia | [78] |