Fig. 7
MSC-Exo treatment induces the M2b macrophage polarization at the submucosal layer of esophagus. A, B The quantification of the IHC on the expression of CD206 and iNOS on days 7 and 21 respectively. Scale bar, 100 μm. C Double immunofluorescence staining of iNOS and CD206 on day 7 and 21. Comparison of M2/M1-like MΦs ratios was conducted among the control, ChGelPBS and ChGelMSC−Exo groups on days 7 and 21. Scale bar, 25 μm. D Expression of M2 marker (CD206) and M1 marker (iNOS) in MSC/MSC-Exo treated M1-MΦs were examined by Western Blot. E The quantification of the IHC on LIGHT on days 7 and 21, scale bars, 100 μm. F The quantification of the Western blot on LIGHT, COX-2 on days 7 and 21. G ELISA analysis of PGE2 activity of wound samples obtained on days 7 and 21 respectively. H Flow cytometry showed the macrophage general marker CD45 and upregulation of M2b-specific marker LIGHT in MSC-Exo treated BMDMs in vitro. All data are shown as the means ± SEM. Statistical significance was analyzed by independent samples t test or one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc analysis between two or multiple groups, respectively. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01