Fig. 8
M2b macrophage polarization alleviates the fibroblast-myofibroblasts transition responsible for collagen accumulation. A The quantification of the IHC on TGFβ1 on day 7 and 21 respectively, scale bars, 100 μm. B ELISA analysis of TGFβ1 activity of wound samples obtained on day 7 and 21 respectively. C Co-administration of MSC-Exo (1 × 1010/mL) led to a significant reduction of TGFβ1 levels in the IL-4-induced M2-BMDMs in vitro. D–F Effect of MΦ-CM on fibrolast transition. The expression of α-SMA in fibroblasts was determined by immunofluorescence (Scale bars, 25 μm), Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. G, H Western blot analysis of the effect of MΦ-CM on TGFβ1/Smad2/Smad3 signaling in fibroblast cells. All data are shown as the means ± SEM. Statistical significance was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc analysis. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01