Fig. 2

Effects of cBMDM-sEVs on proliferation and inflammation of RA-FLS in vitro. (A) BMDM-sEVs internalized by RA-FLS. (B) mRNA level of inflammatory cytokines in RA-FLS co-cultured with PBS, cBMDM-sEVs, or nBMDM-sEVs, as determined by qRT-PCR. (C) mRNA level of inflammatory cytokines in RA-FLS co-cultured with gradient concentration of cBMDM-sEVs. (D) Proliferation of RA-FLS co-cultured with PBS, cBMDM-sEVs, or nBMDM-sEVs, as determined by CCK8. Data are presented as mean ± SD, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001