Fig. 2

A SEM micrographs of AFG (a) and RFG (b), and their effects on nerve cell orientation. (c) Immunohistochemistry images of longitudinal sections of regenerated nerve tissues harvested from groups at 12 w after surgery. Axons were stained with NF200. Reprinted with permission from ref [54]. B Scheme of aligned NFY preparation by a dry–wet electrospinning method (a). SEM images of aligned NFYs with 25, 50 and 100 µm diameters (b). Fluorescence images of DRG cells on NFYs with varying diameters, stained with F-actin (green) and DAPI (blue) (c). Polar histograms showing neurite orientation distribution (d). Reprinted with permission from ref [63]. C Schematic view of conduit design decorated with photocatalyst (a). Immunofluorescence images of PCL cells in square and rectangular patterns (1–1, and 1–2 or 1–3) and corresponding plot (b). Immunofluorescence images of PC12 cells and corresponding plot of cell orientation (c) on parallelogram patterns, 30°, 45°, and 60°. Cells were stained with TUJ1 (red) and Hoechst (blue). Scale bars: 100μm. Reprinted with permission from ref. [64]. D Immunofluorescent staining of longitudinal sections, showing the distribution of neurofilaments (NF09, green) and Schwann cells (S100, red) in random and oriented nanofiber (a) and the length of regenerated nerve in conduits (b). Macrophage polarization characterized by CD68 (M0, green), iNOS (M1, red) and CD206 (M2, red) (c). The number of M2 macrophages and the M2/M1 ratio macrophages in conduits (d). Reprinted with permission from ref. [65]