Fig. 3

A SEM images of micropatterned films with ridges/grooves of 3/3, 5/5, 10/10 and 30/30 μm (a) and migration of Schwann cells on them (b). Distribution of cell orientation angle in films: flat, 3/3, 5/5, 10/10, and 30/30 μm (c). SEM images of neurite outgrowth (d), immunofluorescence staining images by S100β (SCs), NF200 (axons), and DAPI (cell nuclei) in the regenerated nerves (e), macrophage polarization (f) and relative gene expression of macrophages (g) on flat, 3/3, flat/GO, and 3/3-GO films. Reprinted with permission from ref. [76]. B SEM images of the random PCL fibers (R) (i), aligned PCL fibers (A) (ii), micropatterned PCL membrane (M) (iii), and micro/nanocomposite aligned topology (M/A) (iv) (a) and immunofluorescence staining of Schwann cells on them (b). Cell orientation plot on different platforms (c). Vascularization evaluation on various topographies coated with IKVAV peptide based on immunofluorescence staining using CD31 antibody for analyzing newborn blood vessels. Total length (e) and branches (f) of blood vessels in different groups. Reprinted with permission from ref. [77]