Fig. 3
NIR-II fluorescence imaging of the effect of anesthesia on CSF clearance. a Schematic of local LNs imaging in the NIR-II window through intact neck skin and time-course imaging of LNs over 60 min to record the signal variation of NIR-II tracer-filled LNs under ISO anesthesia or ISO supplemented with Dex. Dex dose is 0.2 mg/kg. White scale bar: 2 mm. The schematic diagram was created by using the online software https://biorender.com. b Mean fluorescence intensity over 60 min after the start of CM injection. c Comparison of LNs intensity at 10 min and 60 min after CM injection initiation, t test, 10 min: P = 0.0057, 60 min: P = 0.0731. Colored dot represents the intensity of individual animal. Center is median and quartiles shown by box and whiskers. d Comparison of LN filling rate with NIR-II tracer calculated from 10 to 30 min after CM injection initiation between two anesthesia regimens, n = 6 mice per group, t test, P = 0.1568. Colored dot represents the filling rate of individual animal. Center is median and quartiles shown by box and whiskers. e Schematic of spine imaging in the NIR-II window through intact skin. Dex dose is 0.2 mg/kg. The schematic diagram was created by using the online software https://biorender.com. f Representative images of spine imaging over 90 min to monitor CSF distribution. White scale bar: 1 cm. g Mean fluorescence intensity variation in the thoracic region over 90 min, n = 8 for ISO plus Dex group, n = 6 for ISO group. h Comparison of QDs-filling rate in the thoracic region before 40 min and after 45 min, n = 8 for ISO plus Dex group, n = 6 for ISO group. i Mean fluorescence intensity variation in the sacral region, n = 6 for ISO plus Dex group, n = 6 for ISO group. j Representative images showing increasing fluorescence signal in hindlimb vessels after CM injection. The ISO group exhibited a faster intensity increase and brighter hindlimb vessel outlines compared to the group supplemented with Dex. White scale bar: 1 cm. k Quantification of fluorescence signal variation in hindlimb vessels, n = 8 for ISO plus Dex group, n = 6 for ISO group. l Comparison of hindlimb vessel intensity at the 90 min time-point, n = 8 for ISO plus Dex group, n = 6 for ISO group