Figure 2

(a) AFM height scan of West Nile virus – infected Vero cells at 12 h p.i. Scan size is 19.6 μm × 19.6 μm. Arrow shows some degree of enhanced cytoskeleton formation. (b) AFM height scan of West Nile virus – infected Vero cells at 24 h p.i. Scan size is 15.3 μm × 15.3 μm. Arrows show greater degree of thickening and clumping of actin filaments in close proximity to the cell periphery of the infected cell at 16 h p.i. (c) AFM 3D height scan of 15.3 μm × 15.3 μm size. Arrows show the actin filaments forming near the cell edge and the nascent filopodia (arrowheads). (d) AFM height scan of mock-infected Vero cells at 24 h p.i. Scan size is 30 μm × 30 μm. This control cell shows a lack of cytoskeleton thickening and clumping at the periphery of the cell plasma membrane. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is indicated by the arrow.