An in vitro alveolar macrophage assay for predicting the short-term inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials

Wiemann, Martin; Vennemann, Antje; Sauer, Ursula G.; Wiench, Karin; Ma-Hock, Lan; Landsiedel, Robert

doi:10.1186/s12951-016-0164-2

Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Table 1 Primary characterisation of the test materials and agglomeration in biological fluids

From: An in vitro alveolar macrophage assay for predicting the short-term inhalation toxicity of nanomaterials

Test materials	Size	Surface area	Form	Size in H₂O	Size in KRPG	Size in F-12 K	Conc. in F-12K
Test materials	SEM, TEM [nm]	BET [m²/g]	Form	[nm]	[nm]	[nm]	[Particles/mL]
TiO₂ NM-105	28	47	P	d₅₀ 167 d₉₀ 246	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
ZnO NM-111	82	15	P	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
Nano-CeO₂	40	33	P	d₅₀ 159 d₉₀ 263	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
Al-doped CeO₂	2–160	46	P	d₅₀ 132 d₉₀ 189	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
CeO₂ NM-211	10–20	66	P	d₅₀ 130 d₉₀ 199	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
CeO₂ NM-212	10–20	27	P	d₅₀ 136 d₉₀ 195	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
SiO₂.naked	5–50	200	S	d₅₀ 48 d₉₀ 91	d₅₀ 58 d₉₀ 99	d₅₀ 59 d₉₀ 94	2.3 × 10¹¹
SiO₂.PEG	8–45	200	S	d₅₀ 54 d₉₀ 83	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
SiO₂.amino	5–50	200	S	d₅₀ 50 d₉₀ 75	d₅₀ 90 d₉₀ 148	d₅₀ 72 d₉₀ 120	2.9 × 10¹¹
SiO₂.phosphate	5–50	200	S	d₅₀ 52 d₉₀ 83	d₅₀ 67 d₉₀ 107	d₅₀ 68 d₉₀ 106	1.0 × 10¹¹
SiO₂ NM-200	10–20	189	P	d₅₀ 129 d₉₀ 177	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
SiO₂ NM-203	5–30	200	P	d₅₀ 151 d₉₀ 210	d₅₀ 174 d₉₀ 305	Not detectable	Not detectable
AlOOH	40	47	P	d₅₀ 163 d₉₀ 243	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
BaSO₄ NM-220	25	41	P	d₅₀ 86 d₉₀ 130	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
Fe₂O₃ (hematite)	15	98	P	d₅₀ 88 d₉₀ 159	d₅₀ 64 d₉₀ 142	d₅₀ 113 d₉₀ 328	2.7 × 10⁸
ZrO₂.TODA	3–15	117	S	d₅₀ 77 d₉₀ 113	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
ZrO₂.acrylate	9	117	S	d₅₀ 172 d₉₀ 244	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable
DPP orange N	30–400 × 10–50	64	P	d₅₀ 108 d₉₀ 179	d₅₀ 129 d₉₀ 183	d₅₀ 89 d₉₀ 230	1.3 × 10⁸
Pigment blue 15:1	17	53	P	d₅₀ 191 d₉₀ 293	d₅₀ 193 d₉₀ 290	d₅₀ 173 d₉₀ 263	2.1 × 10⁹
Graphite nanoplatelets	<30 μm (flakes)	74	P	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable	Not detectable

Primary particle size and BET surface area values were taken from Landsiedel et al. [11], Kroll et al. [17], Singh et al. [87, 88], and Rasmussen et al. [89, 90]
Form of the as-supplied test materials: Powder (P); Suspension (S)
Size measurements of the NM preparationss were carried out with NanoSight tracking analysis in double destilled water, in KRPG buffer, and F-12K culture medium; not detectable: not detectable due to low or missing particle concentration
Conc.: Concentration of nanoparticles as indicated by the NanoSight software; values were multiplied by the dilution factor

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ISSN: 1477-3155

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