Fig. 4

a Root hydraulic conductance (L₀) (mg g⁻¹ FW h⁻¹ MPa⁻¹) of control broccoli plants and plants treated with 10 mg l⁻¹ MWCNTs, 100 mM NaCl and 100 mM NaCl + 0^.10 mg l⁻¹ MWCNTs. A group of plants within each treatment was treated with 7 mM sodium azide before measurement of L₀. Mean values ± standard errors are shown (n = 6). Bars with different letters are significantly different (P < 0.05) according to the Tukey test. b Immunodetection of PIP1 and PIP2 homologues in the root plasma membrane (PM) of control broccoli plantsand plants treated with 10 mg l⁻¹ MWCNTs, 100 mM NaCl and 100 mM NaCl + 0^.10 mg l⁻¹ MWCNTs. Total PM was separated by SDS-PAGE and probed with antibody against AtPIP1;1 and BoPIP2. Equal amounts of protein (10 µg) were loaded in each lane. Mean values are shown (n = 3). Different letters represent significant (P < 0.05) differences according to the Tukey test