Fig. 1

Transmission electron microscopy and DLS observations of An-NPs and its beneficial effects against Aβ_1–42-induced neurotoxicity; a TEM micrograph of An-NP (scale bar 0.5 µm). b DLS analysis for the particle size of An-NPs. c In vitro cytotoxicity of PLGA@PEG NPs, native anthocyanin and An-NPs incubated with normal SH-SY5Y cells. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Four different concentrations of the test samples were added to the cells and incubated for 24 h before adding the respective assay reagents. We have observed that the nanoparticles were highly biocompatible. d Shown is the cell viability (MTT assay) histogram. Aβ_1–42 (5 µM) reduced cell viability while anthocyanins and An-NPs at three different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) increased the cell viability of SH-SY5Y cell lines. e Representative ROS assay histogram. Anthocyanins and An-NPs in all three different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 µg/ml) significantly reduced Aβ_1–42-induced (5 μM) ROS production. e The ApoTox-Glo Triplex Assay was performed (Promega, Promega BioSciences, LLC., San Luis Obispo, CA, USA). Histogram showing, cell viability. f Cytotoxicity and (g) Caspase-3/7 assays. All the related experimental details are provided in the “Methods” section. All these assays were performed in triplicate (±SEM). *Significantly different from the control; ^#significantly different from Aβ_1–42-treated group. Significance = **p < 0.01, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01