Fig. 1

Characterization of the abraded particles. a Particle size distributions of untreated wood (control), water-treated wood (0% MCA), MCA-treated wood (2% MCA), and CC-treated wood (CC) measured by SMPS. Most of the abraded particles had a diameter of 400 nm. Data represented as mean of three repetitions. b Particle size distributions of untreated wood (control), water-treated wood (0% MCA), varnished wood (varnished), CC-treated wood (CC), MCA-treated wood (2% MCA), and varnished MCA-treated wood (2% MCA varnished) measured by APS. Most of the abraded particles had a diameter of about 1 μm. When varnish is applied, the average diameter shifts towards 2.3 μm. Data represented as mean of three repetitions. c, d SEM images of wood dust generated by the abrasion process on 2% MCA-treated wood. e SEM image of wood dust generated by the abrasion process on untreated wood (control)