Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of the fabrication procedures of the HIDPPDNEs. The CT-PF68 was first synthesized through reaction with succinic anhydride in the presence of DMAP and TEA (a). The IDPDNEs structured with fluorosurfactant and CT-PF68 were then formed by using a modified emulsification approach (b–d), followed by PEI coating (e) and anti-HER2-mAb conjugation (f) on the nanodroplet surface in sequence to obtain the HIDPPDNEs. To remove excess/unreacted chemicals and simultaneously reduce the size dispersity of the products, the yielded HIDPPDNEs with a broad size range were filtrated through a 0.45-μm filter and exhibited improved size uniformity afterward (g)