Fig. 2

Viability of nano conjugated HDPs followed by gene expression modulation and protection of cells against Salmonella challenge. Viability of THP_1 cells following treatment with various concentrations of a LL-37, b CNT, CNT conjugated LL-37 and LL-37 spiked CNT, e indolicidin and f CNT, CNT conjugated indolicidin and indolicidin spiked CNT. Expression of select innate immune genes in Thp1 cells following treatment with c LL-37 and CNT conjugated LL-37 and g indolicidin and CNT–conjugated indolicidin. Relative survivability of THP-1 cells being challenged by Salmonella in the absence or presence of d free LL-37 at 20 µg/ml or CNT conjugated LL-37 at 0.02 µg/ml and h free indolicidin at 20 μg/ml or CNT conjugated indolicidin at 0.02 μg/ml. Significant changes with p ≤ 0.001 at each time point is shown in letters