Fig. 1

Pre-assembly functionalization versus post-assembly functionalization. a In the conventional route, molecule building blocks are functionalized prior to self-assembly. In such cases, functional moieties can, however, prevent fibril self-assembly or lose their functionality. b The method detailed in this paper avoids exposing the functional species to amyloid-forming conditions and results in the formation of a click-reactive scaffold that can be functionalized after nanoscale self-assembly has taken place