Fig. 8

The adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) that have been exposed to XFM22 (the shorter MWCNT) and XFM19 (the longer MWCNT). HUVECs were exposed to various concentrations of XFM22 and XFM19 for 24 h (a), and THP-1 monocyte adhesion to HUVECs was determined by using a fluorescent probe. To induce an ER stress like condition, an ER stress inducer thapsigargin (TG) was used to co-exposure HUVECs before adhesion assay (b). *p < 0.01, compared with control; ^#p < 0.05, comparison between XFM22 and XFM19 at the same concentration; ANOVA