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Table 2 Pharmacokinetic parameters in skin and blood after the application of the TPL transdermal delivery systems (n = 3)

From: Development of triptolide-nanoemulsion gels for percutaneous administration: physicochemical, transport, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics

Parameters

Skin

Blood

Gels

Nanoemulsions

Nano-gels

Gels

Nanoemulsions

Nano-gels

Cmax (ng/mL)

375.15 ± 5.53

976.21 ± 3.34

833.75 ± 3.75

312.75 ± 4.49

762.98 ± 8.64

747.41 ± 7.72

Tmax (h)

2.50 ± 0.86

2.00 ± 0.43

5.00 ± 0.99

3.50 ± 1.21

3.00 ± 1.04

6.00 ± 2.03

T1/2 (h)

7.45 ± 1.21

2.55 ± 0.12

14.58 ± 2.35

3.67 ± 0.47

0.70 ± 0.11

3.85 ± 0.51

MRT

11.55 ± 1.43

6.06 ± 1.05

19.04 ± 1.96

7.18 ± 1.58

5.82 ± 0.77

8.31 ± 2.12

AUC0–720 (ng h/mL)

2882.41 ± 11.61

6523.17 ± 30.13

6512.53 ± 30.97

2062.15 ± 14.78

5248.94 ± 43.15

6045.41 ± 50.97

AUC0–∞ (ng h/mL)

4454.43 ± 20.21

7208.27 ± 40.65

12,660.87 ± 50.12

2428.88 ± 16.95

5576.44 ± 47.96

7569.36 ± 64.31