Fig. 2

Characterization and stability of the pPCFN-CpG-CS-NPs. Transmission electron microscopy micrograph of the pPFCN-CpG-CS-NPs (magnification 30,000×). a pPCFN-CpG-CS-NPs at pH 5.5 is indicated by the arrow. b–d Measurement of these particles showed a narrow distribution of the pPCFN-CpG-CS-NPs, and the average diameter was 93.58 nm. e Measurement of these particles showed a Zeta potential of + 5.27 mV. f Stability analysis of the plasmid DNA after encapsulation in the chitosan nanoparticles. Lane 1: pPCFN-CpG-CS-NPs treated by DNase I and chitosanase; Lane 2: pPCFN-CpG-CS-NPs treated by DNase I; Lane 3: untreated chitosan encapsulated plasmid pPCFN-CpG; Lane4: untreated naked plasmid pPCFN-CpG; Lane 5: pPCFN-CS-NPs treated by DNase I; Lane 6: naked plasmid pVAX1-PCFN treated by DNase I; M: DNA marker DL 5000. pPCFN-CpG-CS-NPs, the pPCFN-CpG DNA plasmid encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles; pPCFN-CS-NPs, the pVAX1-PCFN DNA plasmid encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles