Recent advances in graphene-based biosensor technology with applications in life sciences

Peña-Bahamonde, Janire; Nguyen, Hang N.; Fanourakis, Sofia K.; Rodrigues, Debora F.

doi:10.1186/s12951-018-0400-z

Journal of Nanobiotechnology

Table 1 Overview of discussed graphene antibody-based nanosensors

From: Recent advances in graphene-based biosensor technology with applications in life sciences

Target	Immunosensor design	Detection methods	Antibody	Antibody binding	Detection limit	Refs.
Escherichia coli	Graphene oxide cellulose nanopaper	Photoluminescence	Antihuman IgG Ab	Conjugation process	1.60 ng/mL	[50]
	Graphene/PMMA	Electrical	Anti E. coli O157:H7 antibody	–	10 CFU/mL	[38]
	Graphene	Electrical	Anti-E. coli antibody	Via PASE linker	10 CFU/mL	[31]
	Graphene	Electrical	Anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibodies	Via PASE linker	10–10⁷ cells/mL	[32]
	Reduced graphene oxide	Electrical	Generic anti-E. coli antibody	EDC–NHS chemistry	10³ CFU/mL	[37]
Salmonella typhimurium	GO–AgNPs nano composite	Cyclic voltammetry	Anti-S. typhimurium	EDC–NHS chemistry	10 CFU/mL	[39]
Zika virus	Graphene	Electrical	Anti-Zika NS1	NHS surface chemistry	0.45 nM	[33]
Dengue virus	Graphene oxide	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy	4G2 monoclonal antibody	Electrostatic bond	0.12 PFU /mL	[34]
Adenovirus	Graphene quantum dots	Optoelectronic	Anti-adenovirus, Group II (HEV) polyclonal antibody	Electrostatic bond	8.75 PFU/mL	[51]
Avian influenza virus H7	Gold nanoparticle–graphene nano composites (AuNPs–G)	Electrochemical immunosensor	H7-polyclonal antibodies and H7-monoclonal antibodies	EDC/NHS chemistry	1.6 pg/mL	[41]
Influenza A virus	Graphene oxide-MB–chitosan	Electrochemical	Monoclonal antibodies (H5N1 or H1N1)	Covalent and crosslinked via chitosan	9.4 pM and 8.3 pM	[48]
Cholera toxin	Graphene–polypyrrole	Surface plasmon resonance	Anti-CT	π–π interactions	4 pg/mL	[52]
Rotavirus	Graphene oxide	Photoluminescence	Rotavirus antibodies	Carbodiimide-assisted amidation reaction	10⁵ PFUmL	[35]
Hepatitis C virus	Graphene quantum dots with silver nanoparticles	Electrochemical immunosensing	Anti-HCV antibody	NH₂ group of antibody was covalent attachment to the AgNPs	3 fg/mL	[40]
HIV	Peptide- functionalized UCNPs to graphene oxide	Fluorescence	Anti-HIV-1 gp120 antibody	π–π interactions	2 nM	[47]
Celiac disease	Polyamidoamine dendrimer with GQDs on AuNP embedded in MWCNT	Electrochemical	Anti-tTG antibody	EDC/NHS chemistry	0.1 fg per 6 µL	[46]
Alzheimer disease	Magnetic core-plasmonic shell nanoparticle attached hybrid graphene oxide	Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy	Cy3 antibody	Amine functionalization	100 fg/mL	[44]
Cardiovascular diseases	Graphene oxide	Electrochemical	PAC1 antibody	EDC/NHS chemistry	–	[36]
Hormones	Reduced graphene oxide	Electrochemical	Anti-GHRL and anti-PYY	EDC–NHS chemistry	1.0 pg/mL GHRL and 0.02 pg/mL PYY	[53]
Cancer	Magnetic Fe₃O₄@GO composites	Electrochemical	RAB0331 for PSA and Lifeome Biolabs/Cusabio EL008782HU-96 for PSMA	EDC–NHSS	15 fg/mL for PSA and 4.8 fg/mL for PSMA	[45]
	Graphene–PYR–NHS	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy	Monoclonal antibody anti-carcinoembryonic antigen	Non-covalent modification	less than 100 pg/mL	[54]
	Reduced graphene and gold nano particle	Electrochemical	Anti-estradiol antibody (curve)	EDC–NHS	0.1 fmol	[42]
	Reduced graphene oxide gold nano particle	Electrochemical	p53 antibodies	Electrostatic interactions	0.088 pg/mL	[43]
	β-cyclodextrin functionalized graphene nanosheet	Electrochemical	CEA primary antibody (Ab1), and CEA secondary antibody (Ab2)	EDC–NHS	20 fg/mL	[49]

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ISSN: 1477-3155

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