Table 3 Graphene-based DNA biosensors with fluorescent detection

ssDNA

GO

Detection limit 200 nM

[95]

ssDNA

GO and exonuclease III

Detection limit 20 pM

[96]

ssDNA

GO

200 nM

[97]

DNA and exonuclease activity

GO ethidium bromide (EB)

50 to 2500 nM

Detection limit 32 nM

[98]

Staphylococcus aureus DNA

GO–DNA sensor

0.0125 to 3.125 nM

Detection limit at 0.00625 nM

[99]

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) sequences

GO/pencil graphite electrode (GO/PGE)

20 to 160 µg/mL

Detection limit 2.02 µM

[83]

ssDNA

Exonuclease III (ExoIII) and GO

Detection limit 0.5 pM

[100]

HIV-1 gene

AuNPs/GO nanocomposite

50.0 fM to 1.0 nM

Detection limit at 15 fM

[101]

ssDNA

GO

0 to 25 nM

Detection limit at 100 pM

[93]

T antigen gene of SV40 DNA

GO

40.0 to 260 nM

Detection limit at 14.3 nM

[93]