Fig. 1
Inflammatory cues change the phenotype of CardAP-EVs. a The differential ultracentrifugation protocol is shown to isolate EVs from the conditioned medium under unstimulated (EVs) or cytokine stimulated conditions (EVs(cyt)). b EV protein amount released from 1 × 106 CardAP cells is presented as median with interquartile range (n = 10–21; six different CardAP donors). c Particle concentration of EVs released by 1 × 106 CardAP cells is presented as median with interquartile range (n = 6; three different CardAP donors). d Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images (upper row) with an enlarged region (white square) of interest (lower row) are displayed for both EV variants; scale bars represent 200 nm. e The diameter distribution as observed by TEM is shown for both EV variants of one CardAP donor. f Flow cytometric analyses are presented as median with interquartile range of normalized geometrical mean fluorescence intensities (normalized MFI calculated as ratio of stained to unstained) for tetraspanins (CD9, CD81, CD63), immunological relevant markers (CD54, PD-L1, CD106, HLA-ABC, HLA-DR) and mesenchymal markers (CD29, CD73, CD44, CD90) (n = 5–16; at least three different CardAP donors). Mann–Whitney U-test; ***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05