Fig. 4

The importance of macrophages in the anti-inflammatory effects of P12 in the LPS-induced ALI mouse model. a The experimental procedure of macrophage depletion by clodronate liposomes (75 μL, 5 mg/mL) prior to P12 pre-treatment (50 μL, 500 nM) and LPS challenge. PBS was given as a control. At 24 h after LPS stimulation, the BALF was harvested to assess the efficiency of macrophage depletion (b), and to analyze the number of total cells (c), neutrophils (d), and lymphocytes (e) in each group. N ≥ 7, Lip: PBS encapsulating liposomes, Clo-lip: clodronate encapsulating liposomes, ns: not significant, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001