Fig. 4

Identification of differentially expressed miRNAs between M1D-Exos and M2D-Exos. a Heat map identified the differently expressed miRNAs (fold change > 5 or < − 5, Benjamini-Hochberg-corrected p); b The GO (gene ontology) enrichment of the differently expressed miRNAs; c Expression of the top ten differentially expressed miRNAs between M1D-Exos and M2D-Exos; d The miR-5106 level between M1 and M2 macrophages; e The miR-5106 level among groups following co-cultured BMSCs with M1 or M2 macrophages; f The miR-5106 level among the groups with different treatments. Data are mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001