Fig. 3

Monitoring of the metabolic activity of bacterial biofilm. The metabolic activity was monitored with the use of a redox-reactive SiNW-FET device and the time-dependence of the glucose signal is shown. First, the biofilm was grown in MSgg medium (glycerol and glutamate) and incubated at 30 °C for 40 h. Then, the MSgg medium was replaced by the glucose-based medium. The bacterial biofilm consumes all the glucose in 11 h. The minimal-broth medium contains 5.5 mM glucose at the beginning of the measurements. Inset: bacterial-growth rate curve presented as the logarithm of glucose signal versus time. The lag phase and log phase of bacterial glucose metabolism are monitored with the use of a redox-reactive SiNW FET