Fig. 5

Neuron-derived exosomes suppressed the activation of M1 microglia and A1 astrocytes by delivering miR-124-3p in vivo. a The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in miR-NC^OE-Exos, miR-124-3p^OE-Exos, miR-NC^KD-Exos and miR-124-3p^KD-Exos groups. b Representative immunostaining image of IBA1/INOS in the injured spinal cord lesion areas and the analysis of INOS-positive microglia in the traumatic lesion area. c Representative immunostaining image of GFAP/C3 in the injured spinal cord lesion areas and the analysis of C3-positive astrocyte in the traumatic lesion area. d Western blot analysis of M1-related proteins. e Western blot analysis of A1-related proteins. *P < 0.05 and ^#P < 0.05