Fig. 10

MSC-Exo + NPs with magnetic guidance accelerated the recovery of skin burn injury in rats. a H&E staining of wound sections following treatment with PBS, Exos, Exo + NPs, or Exo + NPs with magnetic guidance 5 weeks post-wounding. Double-headed arrows indicate scar edges. Scale bar = 1 mm; Ep, Epithelium. Effects of PBS, Exos, Exo + NPs, or Exo + NPs with magnetic guidance on wound re-epithelialization (b) and scar width (c) 5 weeks post-wounding (n = 6; *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001). d Quantitative analysis of collagen in wound tissue 5 weeks after treatment (n = 5, ***P < 0.001). e Evaluation of collagen maturity by staining wounds with Masson’s trichrome following treatment with PBS, Exos, Exo + NPs, or Exo + NPs with magnetic guidance 5 weeks post-wounding. Scale bar = 100 μm. f Representative immunofluorescence images of CK19 expression showing re-epithelialization in the wound area. Scale bar = 100 μm