Fig. 5

Kinetic traces for binding of peptide liposome and DNA. a Agarose gel electrophoresis of the lipoplexes at charge ratios of 4:1 and 3:1 for lipids LOrn1 and LOrn3, respectively (Line M: marker [λ DNA/EcoRI + HindIII]; Line 0: naked DNA [0.2 μg]; Lines 2–50: binding times were 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30, 40 and 50 min). b Quantitative analysis by automatic analysis system of gel imaging. c Fluorescence intensity of labeled DNA with GelRed and liposomes bound to DNA at charge ratio ( ±) 3:1, at several interaction times: 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min. d Stopped-flow fluorescence intensity decay of LOrn1/DNA and LOrn3/DNA lipoplexes binding at the charge ratios of 4:1 and 3:1, respectively. The final DNA and GelRed concentrations were 2 µg/mL and 0.2 µL/mL, respectively. The fluorescence was measured by excitation at a wavelength of 260 nm. e Affinity of liposomes to DNA, K_d values of LOrn1 and LOrn3 were 0.296 and 0.136 µM, respectively. All values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5). f Effect of liposome-DNA binding time on the transfection efficiency of liposomes with 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32 and 40 min. g Quantitative analysis in Figure (f) by flow cytometry. All values are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5). The amount of pGFP-N1 was 1 µg/well for 24-well plates. Lipo2000 was used as control. Significance levels: **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001