Fig. 1

Detection of HUCMSC characteristics. a The representative spindle-like morphology of HUCMSCs in passages 3–5 were observed by microscopy. The multipotency of HUCMSCs for osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis was determined by alizarin red staining (b), oil-red-o staining (c), and haematoxylin–eosin and alcian blue dual-staining (d), respectively. Scale bar = 500 μm. e Flow cytometric analysis of mesenchymal-related markers: CD29, CD105, CD44, CD45, CD34. ①②③ were cells without antibodies as negative controls, and ④⑤⑥ were flow cytometry results after adding a fluorescent antibody. This experiment was independently repeated three times. f The rates of each marker-positive cells (n = 3)