Fig. 16
From: Recent progress in the development of upconversion nanomaterials in bioimaging and disease treatment
Copyright 2015, 2017. American Chemical Society. Reproduced with permission.)
a Schematic illustration of the design of UCNP based drug delivery system for photodynamic therapy. b Plot for the potential molecular mechanism of inducing apoptosis with UCNPs@TiO2-based NIR light-mediated PDT treatment [176]. c Scheme summarizing the mechanisms of combining NIR-mediated PDT with CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy. UCNP-Ce6-R837 nanoparticles under NIR light would enable effective photodynamic destruction of tumors [116]. (