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Table 2 VLP-based vaccines against different cancers

From: Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers

VLP type

Cancer type

Antigen

Clinical phase

References

MS2

Cervical

L2

Preclinical

[192]

AP205

Cervical (and placental malaria)

HPV RG1 epitope (and VAR2CSA PM antigen)

Preclinical

[193]

AP205

Breast

HER-2

Preclinical

[190]

MS2

Breast

xCT

Preclinical

[200]

MS2

Breast

xCT

Preclinical

[201]

SHIV

Pancreatic

hMSLN

Preclinical

[202]

SIV

Pancreatic

mTrop2

Preclinical

[204]

eCPMV

Melanoma

Empty

Preclinical

[204]

Cucumber mosaic VLPs

(CMV)

Melanoma

LCMV-gp33

Preclinical

[208]

Bacteriophage Qβ

Melanoma

PMEL17, MTC-1, Calpastatin, ZFP518, TRP-2, Caveolin2, Cpsf3l and Kifl8b

Preclinical

[208]